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///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Just forgotten
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Enigma 1517 Bob Walker, New Scientist magazine, October 25, 2008.
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// 
// Joe was furious when he forgot one of his bank account numbers. 
// He remembered that it had all the digits 0 to 9 in some order, so he tried
// the following four sets without success:
//
//     9 4 6 2 1 5 7 8 3 0
//     8 6 0 4 3 9 1 2 5 7 
//     1 6 4 0 2 9 7 8 5 3
//     6 8 2 4 3 1 9 0 7 5
//
// When Joe finally remembered his account number, he realised that in each set
// just four of the digits were in their correct position and that, if one knew
// that, it was possible to work out his account number.
// What was it?
//
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
// Solve the problem by running the query:
//
//      all Just_forgotten(number)
//
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
// Results:
//
// number = [9,6,2,4,3,1,7,8,5,0]
// ___ Solution: 1 ___ [00:00:03] __ [Backtracks: 2353202] ____
//
// Number of solutions: 1   Number of backtracks: 28975238
// Elapsed time: 00:00:38
//                           
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

local Seq1 :<[0..9]->>I = [9,4,6,2,1,5,7,8,3,0]
local Seq2 :<[0..9]->>I = [8,6,0,4,3,9,1,2,5,7]
local Seq3 :<[0..9]->>I = [1,6,4,0,2,9,7,8,5,3]
local Seq4 :<[0..9]->>I = [6,8,2,4,3,1,9,0,7,5]

pred Just_forgotten(res::[0..9]->>I[0..9]) iff
    // Array of four correct placement counters, one for each sequence.
    counters :.[0..3]->I[0..4] & counters := [0,0,0,0] &

    // For each digit in the forgotten number: If the digit "n" is in the
    // position "xn", check all four sequences if the digit is in the same 
    // position. If any sequence contains the digit in the same position,
    // increment the corresponding position counter.
    res(x0) = 0 & CorrectPlace(0,x0,counters) &
    res(x1) = 1 & CorrectPlace(1,x1,counters) &
    res(x2) = 2 & CorrectPlace(2,x2,counters) &
    res(x3) = 3 & CorrectPlace(3,x3,counters) &
    res(x4) = 4 & CorrectPlace(4,x4,counters) &
    res(x5) = 5 & CorrectPlace(5,x5,counters) &
    res(x6) = 6 & CorrectPlace(6,x6,counters) &
    res(x7) = 7 & CorrectPlace(7,x7,counters) &
    res(x8) = 8 & CorrectPlace(8,x8,counters) &
    res(x9) = 9 & CorrectPlace(9,x9,counters) &

    // Accept only solutions that have exactly four digits in correct positions.
    counters(0) = 4 & counters(1) = 4 & counters(2) = 4 & counters(3) = 4

///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Check all sequences: If the number "i" is in the position "x" then increment
// the correct position counter for the correponding sequence...
local pred CorrectPlace(i:<I,x::I,counters:.[0..3]->I[0..4]) iff
    CorrectOnePlace(Seq1,i,x,counters(0)) &
    CorrectOnePlace(Seq2,i,x,counters(1)) &
    CorrectOnePlace(Seq3,i,x,counters(2)) &
    CorrectOnePlace(Seq4,i,x,counters(3))

///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// If in the sequence "seq" the number "i" is in the position "x" increment
// the correct position counter "counter". Otherwise do nothing...
local pred CorrectOnePlace(seq:<[0..9]->>I,i:<I,x::I,counter:.I[0..4]) iff
    (seq(x) = i & counter := counter+1) | true



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